ECOLOGICAL VARIETAL TESTING OF SOYBEAN IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
DOI 10.12737/2782490X20244351 УДК 633.34:631.527
Keywords:
soybean (Glycine Max L. Merrill), sown areas, ecological and geographical zones of cultivation, growing season, yield, protein contentAbstract
The study of yield potential formation and protein content of soybeans of various ecological and geographical origin and the selection of varieties, adapted to the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan is relevant for the dissemination of culture in cultivation zones. The work was carried out in Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2022 -2023, located at 55°7 '44.9" north latitude and 49°16 '37.48" east longitude. The scheme of the stationary field experiment provided for ecological variety testing of soybean varieties in years contrasting in meteorological conditions. The object of research was five soybean varieties belonging to different geographical zones (Krasnodar Territory, Samara Region, Republic of Belarus, Chuvash Republic), with coordinates 45°2 '41.3", 38°58 '33.6", 53°12 '0.4", 50°9 '60", 54°22 '59", 30°24 '21", 56°7 '55.9", 47°15 '6.8". The soybean of Milyausha variety was used as a standard. The soil of the experimental ground is gray forest. The initial content of humus was 3.52-3.94% according to Tyurin, mobile phosphorus Р2О5 – 275.0335.0 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium К2О – 116-128 mg/kg of soil (according to Kirsanov method). The repeatability of the experience is 4-fold, the placement of plots is randomized, the area of each plot is 10 m 2. Sowing was carried out on May 30 and 12 when the soil was heated above 10 0С with a seeding rate of 1.0 million. germinating seeds with sealing to a depth of 4-5 cm. During two years of research in 2022-2023, varieties with a short growing season from germination to full maturity were identified. The growing season of Milyausha variety was 85-96 days, Chera-1 variety - 86-96 days. In 2022 the favorable conditions for protein synthesis were developing and the values of the indicator reached 42.95...44.58% for varieties. The high-protein genotypes Volma and Bara with a protein content of 33.89 and 44.58-45.07% over the years were characterized by a late growing season and matured 3-5 days later than the Milyausha variety. In 2023 during the period of vegetative growth of soybean plants and the formation of reproductive organs, conditions of insufficient moisture were observed, which affected a decrease in protein synthesis in the range of 32.84...34.58%.
For citation: : Ecological variety testing of soybeans in the Republic of Tatarstan // K .D. Shurkhaeva, T.N. Abrosimova, A.T. Khusnutdinova, L.N. Shayakhmetova, A.R. Khayrullina. Agrobiotechnologies and digital agriculture. 2024; 4(12). 43-51 p.
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